Forests to Faucets 2.0

USDA Forest Service 20190619 Forests to Faucets 2.0 2.0.14 vector digital data USDA Forest Service, 2019. Forests to Faucets 2.0 [Spatial Dataset.] Forests to Faucets 2.0 builds upon the national Forests to Faucets(2011) by updating base data and adding new threats including wildfire, invasive pests, and future stresses such as climate-induced changes in land use and water quantity. The purpose of this project is to quantify, rank, and illustrate the geographic connection between forests and other natural cover (private and public), surface drinking water supplies, and the populations that depend on them–the ecosystem service of water supply. The project assesses subwatersheds across the US to identify those important to downstream surface drinking water supplies as well as evaluate a subwatersheds natural ability to produce clean water based on its biophysical characteristics: percent natural cover, percent agricultural land, percent impervious, percent riparian natural cover, and mean annual water yield. Using data from a variety of existing sources and maps generated through GIS analyses, the project uses maps and statistics to describe the relative importance of private forests and National Forest System lands to surface drinking water supplies across the United States. The data produced by this assessment provides information needed to identify opportunities for water market approaches or schemes based upon payments for environmental services (PES).September 2023 Update: Water yields (Q_YLD_MM; PER_Q40_45; PER_Q90_45; PER_Q40_85; PER_Q90_85) were updated to tie back to WASSI source data. All Forests to Faucets models and indices were recalculated. HUCs that did not have a corresponding water yield from WASSI were recalculated to the nearest HUC. AttributeDescriptionSourcesAcresHUC 12 AcresCalculated using ArcGISSTATESStatesWBD 2019HUC1212-digit Hydrologic Unit CodeWBD 2019NAME12-digit Hydrologic Unit NameWBD 2019HUTYPEHUC TypeWBD 2019From_HUC 12 From for routingWBD 2019ToHUC 12 To for routingWBD 2019 (edited by USDA FS)LevelHUC levelCalculated HUC level from outlet (1) to headwater (351)NLCDAcres of NLCDNLCDPER_NLCDPercent of HUC with NLCD DataCalculated using ArcGISFOREST_ACAcres of all forestNLCD Forest = 41,42,43, 90NLCDPER_FORPercent ForestCalculated using ArcGISAG_ACAcres of agricultural landNLCD = 81,82NLCDPER_AGPercent agricultural landCalculated using ArcGISIMPV_ACAcres of ImperviousNLCDPER_IMPVPercent ImperviousCalculated using ArcGISNATCOVER_ACAcres of Natural CoverNLCD = 11,12,41,42,43,51,52,71,90,95NLCDPER_NATCOVPercent Natural CoverCalculated using ArcGISRIPNAT_ACAcres of riparian natural coverSinan AboodPER_RIPNATPercent riparian natural coverCalculated using ArcGISQ_YLD_MM Mean Annual Water Yield in mm (Q) based on the historical time period (1961 to 2015). Baseline water yield for 2010.WASSI , Updated September 2023R_NATCOVNatural Cover score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_AGAgricultural land score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_IMPVImpervious Surface score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_RIPRiparian Natural Cover score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_QMean Annual Water Yield score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISAPCWAbility to Produce Clean Water (APCW)= (R_NATCOV+R_AG+R_IMPV+R_RIP) * R_QCalculated using ArcGISAPCW_RAPCW Score (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using RGWNumber of groundwater water intakesSDWISSWNumber of surface water intakes (includes GU, groundwater under the influence of surface water)SDWISGW_POPNumber of groundwater water consumersSDWISSW_POPNumber of surface water consumers (includes GU, groundwater under the influence of surface water)SDWISGL_IntakesNumber of surface water intakes in the Great Lakes*SDWISGL_POPNumber of surface water consumers in the Great Lakes*SDWISSUM_POPP, Total number of Surface water consumers SW_POP+ GL_POPSDWISPRDrinking water protection model PRn = ∑(Wi* Pi)Calculated using RPOP_DSSum of surface drinking water population downstream of HUC 12 ∑(SUM_POPn) ***Cannot be summed across multiple HUC12 due to double counting down stream populations. Only accurate for an individual HUC12.Calculated using RIMPRaw Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) Value. As developed in Forests to Faucets (USFS 2011), the Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) model can be broken down into two parts: IMPn = (PRn) * (Qn)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023IMP_RIMP, Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023NON_FORESTAcres of non-forestPADUS and NLCDPRIVATE_FORESTAcres of private forestPADUS and NLCDPROTECTED_FORESTAcres of protected forest (State, Local, NGO, Permanent Easement)PADUS, NCED, and NLCDNFS_FORESTAcres of National Forest System (NFS) forestPADUS and NLCDFEDERAL_FORESTAcres of Other Federal forest (Non-NFS Federal)PADUS and NLCDPER_FORPRIPercent Private ForestCalculated using ArcGISPER_FORNFSPercent NFS ForestCalculated using ArcGISPER_FORPROPercent Protected (Other State, Local, NGO, Permanent Easement, NFS, and Federal) ForestCalculated using ArcGISWFP_HI_ACAcres with High and Very High Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP)Dillon, 2018PER_WFPPercent of HU 12 with High and Very High Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP)Dillon, 2018PER_IDRISKPercent of HU 12 that is at risk for mortality - 25% of standing live basal area greater than one inch in diameter will die over a 15- year time frame (2013 to 2027) due to insects and diseases.Krist, et Al,. 2014PERDEV_1040_45% Landuse Change 2010-2040 (low)ICLUSPERDEV_1090_45% Landuse Change 2010-2090 (low)ICLUSPERDEV_1040_85% Landuse Change 2010-2040 (high)ICLUSPERDEV_1090_85% Landuse Change 2010-2090 (high)ICLUSPER_Q40_45% Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (low) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q90_45% Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (low) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q40_85% Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (high) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q90_85% Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (high) WASSI , Updated September 2023WFP(APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_WFP )/ 10,000Wildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023IDRISK(APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_IDRISK )/ 10,000Insect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1040_45(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1090_45(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1040_85(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1090_85(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1040_45-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1090_45-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1040_85-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1090_85-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023WFP_IMP_RWildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023IDRISK_RInsect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV40_45_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV40_85_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV90_45_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV90_85_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q40_45_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q40_85_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q90_45_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q90_85_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023RegionUS Forest Service Region numberUSFSRegionnameUS Forest Service Region nameUSFSHUC_Num_DiffThis field compares the value in column HUC12(circa 2019 wbd) with the value in HUC_12 (circa 2009 wassi)-1 = No equivalent WASSI HUC. Water yield (Q_YLD_MM) was estimating using the nearest HUC.USFS, Updated September 2023HUC_12_WASSIWASSI HUC numberWASSI, Updated September 2023 September 2023 Update: Water yields (Q_YLD_MM; PER_Q40_45; PER_Q90_45; PER_Q40_85; PER_Q90_85) were updated to tie back to WASSI source data. All Forests to Faucets models and indices were recalculated. HUCs that did not have a corresponding water yield from WASSI were recalculated to the nearest HUC. Forests to Faucets 2.0 builds upon the national Forests to Faucets (2011) by updating base data and adding new threats including wildfire, invasive pests, and future stresses such as climate-induced changes in land use and water quantity. The purpose of this project is to quantify, rank, and illustrate the geographic connection between forests and other natural cover (private and public), surface drinking water supplies, and the populations that depend on them–the ecosystem service of water supply. The project assesses subwatersheds across the US to identify those important to downstream surface drinking water supplies as well as evaluate a subwatersheds natural ability to produce clean water based on its biophysical characteristics: percent natural cover, percent agricultural land, percent impervious, percent riparian natural cover, and mean annual water yield. 20190619 Lower 48 of the United States Complete Irregular -124.902204 -66.870603 49.796124 24.395333 None Forests Faucets F2F2 None The USDA Forest Service makes no warranty, expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, completeness or utility of these geospatial data, or for the improper or incorrect use of these geospatial data. These geospatial data and related maps or graphics are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. The data and maps may not be used to determine title, ownership, legal descriptions or boundaries, legal jurisdiction, or restrictions that may be in place on either public or private land. Natural hazards may or may not be depicted on the data and maps, and users should exercise due caution. The data are dynamic and may change over time. The user is responsible to verify the limitations of the geospatial data and to use the data accordingly. USDA Forest Service unknown

271 Mast Rd

Durham NH 03867 US 603-953-4307 rebecca.l.lilja@usda.gov USDA Forest Service, 2019. Forests to Faucets 2.0 [Spatial Dataset.] Esri ArcGIS 13.1.2.41833 The watershed boundary accuracy is consistent with the 2019 WBD. This file contains hydrologic unit boundaries and codes for 48 States. Alaska and Hawaii are only available in the Supplement data - https://usfs-public.app.box.com/v/Forests2Faucets See WO-GTR-99 https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/63723 20190619 USDA Forest Service unknown

271 Mast Rd

Durham NH 03867 US 603-953-4307 rebecca.l.lilja@usda.gov Vector GT-polygon composed of chains 83331 Hydro_F2F2_HUC12 Forests to Faucets 2.0 Spatial Dataset USDA Forest Service, 2019. Forests to Faucets 2.0 Spatial Dataset. OBJECTID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. STATES STATES WBD 2019 State Name Acres Acres ArcGIS Calculate ArcGIS Calculate HUC12 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code WBD 2019 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code NAME 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Name WBD 2019 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Name HUTYPE HUC Type WBD 2019 S “Standard” hydrologic unit—An area with drainage flowing to a single outlet point National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) C “Closed Basin” hydrologic unit—A drainage area where National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) F “Frontal” hydrologic unit—An area along the coastline of National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) TOHUC HUC 12 To for routing WBD 2019 SHAPE Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. From_ HUC 12 From for routing WBD 2019 To HUC 12 To for routing WBD 2019 Level HUC level Calculated HUC level from outlet (1) to headwater (351) WBD 2019 NLCD Acres of NLCD NLCD 2016 FOREST Acres of all forest NLCD Forest = 41,42,43, 90 NLCD 2016 PER_FOR Percent Forest NLCD 2016 AG Acres of agricultural land NLCD = 81,82 NLCD 2016 PER_AG Percent agricultural land NLCD 2016 NATCOVER Acres of Natural Cover NLCD = 11,12,41,42,43,51,52,71,90,95 NLCD 2016 PER_NATCOV Percent Natural Cover NLCD 2016 RIPNAT_AC Acres of riparian natural cover NLCD 2016 and Abood 2019 PER_RIPNAT Percent riparian natural cover NLCD 2016 and Abood 2019 IMPV_AC Acres of Impervious NLCD 2016 PER_IMPV Percent Impervious NLCD 2016 R_AG Agricultural land score for APCW Calculated using ArcGIS R_RIP Riparian Natural Cover score for APCW Calculated using ArcGIS R_IMPV Impervious Surface score for APCW Calculated using ArcGIS R_NATCOV Natural Cover score for APCW Calculated using ArcGIS R_Q Mean Annual Water Yield score for APCW Calculated using ArcGIS APCW Ability to Produce Clean Water (APCW)= (R_NATCOV+R_AG+R_IMPV+R_RIP) * R_Q Calculated using ArcGIS APCW_R APCW Score (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R Q_YLD_MM Mean Annual Water Yield in mm (Q) based on the historical time period (1961 to 2015). Baseline water yield for 2010. WASSI SW Number of surface water intakes (includes GU, groundwater under the influence of surface water) SDWIS SW_Pop Number of surface water consumers (includes GU, groundwater under the influence of surface water) SDWIS GW Number of groundwater water intakes SDWIS GW_POP Number of groundwater water consumers SDWIS GL_POP Number of surface water intakes in the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes are unique in that there are a large number of drinking water intakes found off-shore. To maintain a similar weighting scenario, off-shore intakes were assigned to the sub-watershed within 25km of the intake and used together with all the on-land intakes in the nation-wide drinking water protection model. Since intakes were located off-shore, all areas bordering the Great Lakes affect the water quality of the off-shore intakes, not just the nearest sub-watersheds where they were assigned. SDWIS GL_Intakes Number of surface water intakes in the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are unique in that there are a large number of drinking water intakes found off-shore. To maintain a similar weighting scenario, off-shore intakes were assigned to the sub-watershed within 25km of the intake and used together with all the on-land intakes in the nation-wide drinking water protection model. Since intakes were located off-shore, all areas bordering the Great Lakes affect the water quality of the off-shore intakes, not just the nearest sub-watersheds where they were assigned. SDWIS SUM_POP P, Total number of Surface water consumers SW_POP+ GL_POP SDWIS PR Drinking water protection model PRn = ∑(Wi* Pi) Calculated using R POP_DS Sum of surface drinking water population downstream of HUC 12 ∑(SUM_POPn) ***Cannot be summed across multiple HUC12 due to double counting down stream populations. Only accurate for an individual HUC12. Calculated using R IMP Raw Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) Value. As developed in Forests to Faucets (USFS 2011), the Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) model can be broken down into two parts: IMPn = (PRn) * (Qn) Calculated using R IMP_R IMP, Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R NON_FOREST Acres of non-forest PADUS and NLCD PRIVATE_FOREST Acres of private forest PADUS and NLCD PROTECTED_FOREST Acres of protected forest (State, Local, NGO, Permanent Easement) PADUS, NCED, and NLCD NFS_FOREST Acres of National Forest System (NFS) forest PADUS and NLCD FEDERAL_FOREST Acres of Other Federal forest (Non-NFS Federal) PADUS and NLCD PER_FORPRI Percent Private Forest Calculated using ArcGIS PER_FORNFS Percent NFS Forest Calculated using ArcGIS PER_FORPRO Percent Protected (Other State, Local, NGO, Permanent Easement, NFS, and Federal) Forest Calculated using ArcGIS PER_WFP Percent of HU 12 with High and Very High Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP) Dillon, 2018 PER_IDRISK Percent of HU 12 that is at risk for mortality - 25% of standing live basal area greater than one inch in diameter will die over a 15- year time frame (2013 to 2027) due to insects and diseases. Krist, et Al,. 2014 PERDEV_1040_45 % Landuse Change 2010-2040 (low) ICLUS PERDEV_1090_45 % Landuse Change 2010-2090 (low) ICLUS PERDEV_1040_85 % Landuse Change 2010-2040 (high) ICLUS PERDEV_1090_85 % Landuse Change 2010-2090 (high) ICLUS PER_Q40_45 % Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (low) ; -9,999 is no data WASSI PER_Q90_45 % Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (low) -9,999 is no data WASSI PER_Q40_85 % Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (high) -9,999 is no data WASSI PER_Q90_85 % Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (high) -9,999 is no data WASSI WFP (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_WFP )/ 10,000 Wildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS IDRISK (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_IDRISK )/ 10,000 Insect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS DEV1040_45 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS DEV1090_45 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS DEV1040_85 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS DEV1090_85 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS Q1040_45 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS Q1090_45 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS Q1040_85 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS Q1090_85 (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS WFP_IMP_R Wildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R IDRISK_R Insect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R Q40_45_R Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R Q40_85_R Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R Q90_45_R Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R Q90_85_R Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R DEV40_45_R Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R DEV40_85_R Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R DEV90_45_R Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R DEV90_85_R Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles) Calculated using R SHAPE_Length Length of feature in internal units. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. SHAPE_Area Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. PER_NLCD Percent of HUC with NLCD Data Calculated using ArcGIS REGION US Forest Service Region number USFS REGIONNAME US Forest Service Region name USFS HUC_Num_Diff This field compares the value in column HUC12(circa 2019 wbd) with the value in HUC_12 (circa 2009 wassi) -1 = No equivalent WASSI HUC. Water yield (Q_YLD_MM) was estimating using the nearest HUC. WASSI HUC_12_WASSI WASSI HUC number to tie back to the HUC_12 from the 2009 WASSI watersheds. WASSI 20230904 USDA Forest Service unknown

271 Mast Rd

Durham NH 03867 US 603-953-4307 rebecca.l.lilja@usda.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time