U.S. Geological Survey USDA Forest Service 20250202 073446 vector digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IED7RZ https://www.mtbs.gov/ Zhi-Liang Zhu Jeff Eidenshink Ken Brewer Brian Schwind Stephen Howard Brad Quayle 20250202 073446 publication Fire Ecology Special Issue Vol. 3, No. 1, 2007 https://www.mtbs.gov/sites/default/files/inline-files/Eidenshink-final.pdf The Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Program assesses the frequency, extent, and magnitude (size and severity) of all large wildland fires (including wildfires and prescribed fires) in the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico from the beginning of the Landsat Thematic Mapper archive to the present. All fires reported as greater than 1,000 acres in the western U.S. and greater than 500 acres in the eastern U.S. are mapped across all ownerships. MTBS produces a series of geospatial and tabular data for analysis at a range of spatial, temporal, and thematic scales and are intended to meet a variety of information needs that require consistent data about fire effects through space and time. This map layer is a vector point shapefile of the location of all currently inventoried fires occurring between calendar year 1984 and the current MTBS release for CONUS, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Please visit https://mtbs.gov/announcements to determine the current release. Fires omitted from this mapped inventory are those where suitable satellite imagery was not available or fires were not discernable from available imagery. The data generated by MTBS will be used to identify national trends in burn severity, providing information necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the National Fire Plan and Healthy Forests Restoration Act. MTBS is sponsored by the Wildland Fire Leadership Council (WFLC), a multi-agency oversight group responsible for implementing and coordinating the National Fire Plan and Federal Wildland Fire Management Policies. The MTBS project objective is to provide consistent, 30 meter spatial resolution burn severity data and burned area delineations that will serve four primary user groups including: 1. National policies and policy makers such as the National Fire Plan and WFLC which require information about long-term trends in burn severity and recent burn severity impacts within vegetation types, fuel models, condition classes, and land management activities. 2. Field management units that benefit from mid to broad scale GIS-ready maps and data for pre- and post-fire assessment and monitoring. Field units that require finer scale burn severity data will also benefit from increased efficiency, reduced costs, and data consistency by starting with MTBS data. 3. Existing databases from other comparably scaled programs, such as Fire Regime and Condition Class (FRCC) within LANDFIRE, that will benefit from MTBS data for validation and updating of geospatial data sets. 4. Academic and government agency research entities interested in fire severity data over significant geographic and temporal extents. See https://www.mtbs.gov/ for project information and data access. Refer to https://www.mtbs.gov/contact for additional support. 19840101 20180101 observed Complete -166.091125 -65.350629 70.139256 17.956561 ISO 19115 Topic Category imageryBaseMapsEarthCover None Sentinel Differenced normalized burn ratio Burned area Normalized burn ratio Burn severity Landsat Location Wildland fire Fire occurrence MTBS Fire location Wildfire Prescribed fire Common geographic areas Hawaii Puerto Rico United States Continental U.S. Alaska Common geographic areas HI AK CONUS PR US None There are no restrictions on use, except for reasonable and proper acknowledgement of information sources. U.S. Geological Survey MTBS Project Manager mailing and physical

47914 252Nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 US 800-252-4547 https://www.mtbs.gov/contact Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Project (U.S. Geological Survey and USDA Forest Service). U.S. Geological Survey (physical address): 47914 252nd Street: Sioux Falls, SD, USA, 57198. Phone: 800-252-4547. USDA Forest Service (physical address): 125 South State Street, Suite 7105: Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 84138. Phone: 801-975-3800. Esri ArcGIS 13.3.0.52636 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A For a detailed definition and discussion on the processing and production of MTBS geospatial data, please refer to https://www.mtbs.gov. A synopsis of the production of this layer is provided below. MTBS fire occurrence location data are spatially derived ultimately from suitable imagery (including Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, Landsat OLI, Sentinel 2A, and Sentinel 2B). Delineation of the burned area for each fire is conducted by on-screen interpretation and digitization of the Landsat/Sentinel 2-derived reflectance imagery and the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), difference NBR (dNBR) and relativized dNBR (RdNBR) images. To ensure consistency and high spatial precision, digitization is performed at on-screen display scales between 1:24000 and 1:50000. The MTBS fire occurrence locations for each fire is subsequently determined by calculating the geographic centroid of the delineated burned area boundary for each fire. Relevant fire occurrence attributes gleaned from fire reporting systems of record are integrated for each fire. The MTBS mapping approach has consistently occurred in five primary steps: 1. Fire Occurrence Data Compilation 2. Scene Selection and Image Pre-processing 3. Perimeter Delineation 4. Burn Severity Interpretation 5. Data Distribution 1. Fire Occurrence Data Compilation: Historically, MTBS compiled fire occurrence data from a number of federal and state databases that maintained little consistency in standards for content, geospatial accuracy, and nomenclature. These datasets were then filtered and standardized internally by MTBS staff in an effort to reduce duplication of incident records reported by multiple agencies, and to resolve gross geospatial inaccuracies that were commonly found in the source data. In recent years, significant improvements have been made to streamline the reporting procedures and data exchange for land management agencies in their creation and maintenance of fire occurrence data. Specifically, the Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) Project has provided an end-to-end fire reporting system focused on the goals of reducing redundant data entry, identifying authoritative data sources, and improving the consistency, accuracy, and availability of operational data. Through a multi-year phased approach, the IRWIN Project is tasked with identifying and integrating fire occurrence data from a number of different sources and applications. Fire occurrence data from IRWIN are routinely ingested into a database maintained by MTBS and other postfire mapping programs, and currently make up the bulk of the records used by MTBS to identify candidate fires for mapping. More information on IRWIN can be found at: https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/WFIT/applications/IRWIN/index.shtml. 20190906 4. Burn Severity Interpretation: The process of developing a categorical burn severity product is subjective and is dependent on analyst interpretation. The analyst evaluates the dNBR data range and determines where significant thresholds exist in the data to discriminate between burn severity classes. Interpretations are conducted on the NBR, dNBR and RdNBR data, aided by the prefire and postfire imagery, and analyst experience with fire behavior and effects in a given ecological setting. Where available, high resolution imagery is visually inspected to provide confidence in selecting the burn severity thresholds. Thresholding dNBR data into thematic class values results in an intuitive map depicting a manageable number of ecologically significant classes (typically 4 to 7 class values). There are uncertainties in this approach stemming from analyst subjectivity and limited or no plot data to guide threshold selection. Ecological significance of burn severity classes will also likely vary across regions and landscapes and one set of thresholds cannot be expected to apply equally well to all analysis objectives and management issues. 20190906 3. Perimeter Delineation: The burned area boundary is delineated by on-screen interpretation of the reflectance imagery, NBR, dNBR and/or RdNBR images. The mapping analyst digitizes a perimeter to include any detectable fire area derived from these images. Clouds, cloud shadows, snow or other anomalies intersecting the fire area are also delineated and used to generate a mask later in the workflow. The mapping analyst may inspect and/or modify an existing burn area boundary and mask sourced from a reputable fire occurrence dataset or fire detection model when available. To ensure consistency and high spatial precision, digitization and inspection is performed at on-screen display scales between 1:24000 and 1:50000. 20190906 2. Scene Selection and Image Pre-processing: For fire events that meet the minimum size requirement for MTBS mapping, corresponding Landsat or Sentinel scenes are selected based upon the reported location and ignition date. After an initial review and determination of the appropriate assessment strategy: initial, extended or single scene, candidate prefire and postfire scenes are reviewed and downloaded using tools and applications developed by U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, such as Earth Explorer and GloVis. Limitations due to scene quality are common in areas prone to cloud cover (e.g., the Southeast United States). Other atmospheric conditions such as smoke from active fires, terrain shadows and other obscurations also reduce the number of candidate scenes. In addition, northern latitudes are subject to a shorter period of optimal scene selection due to undesirable sun angles in the fall and a shorter growing season. Downloaded scenes are processed to generate top-of-atmosphere reflectance images according to existing USGS-EROS protocols that include geometric (including terrain correction) and radiometric correction through the Landsat Ground Processing System process. Prior to processing the imagery into a burn severity product, prefire and postfire images are inspected for co-registration accuracy and corrected if spatial differences are noted. Using the reflectance imagery, a Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) image is generated for each prefire and postfire scene as the normalized difference between middle infrared and near infrared wavelength bands and then differenced to create a dNBR image. A relativized dNBR (RdNBR) is also calculated to evaluate potential limitations of dNBR to characterize fire severity on low biomass sites and potentially enhance inter-fire comparability of the results at larger ecological scales. Processing the Landsat or Sentinel image data to NBR, dNBR and RdNBR is a straightforward series of calculations relying principally on automated production sequences. 20190906 5. Data Distribution: The primary access point for acquiring MTBS data is through the program website: https://www.mtbs.gov. There you will find an interactive viewer which allows users to search for and download individual fire data in addition to direct download options for state and national data products. Connection information is also provided for those interested in using web map services. 20190906 Vector Entity point 29583 S_USA.MTBS_Fire_Occurrence_PT Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer Defined OBJECTID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. FIRE_ID FIRE_NAME Post_ID Landsat or Sentinel post scene ID. Producer Defined Example: 701503620081007 FIRE_TYPE NODATA_THRESHOLD GREENNESS_THRESHOLD LOW_THRESHOLD MODERATE_THRESHOLD HIGH_THRESHOLD Pre_ID Landsat or Sentinel pre scene ID. Producer Defined Example: 503803520040723 LATITUDE LONGITUDE ACRES Asmnt_Type Fire mapping assessment label (Initial (SS) (SS=single scene), Initial, Extended, Extended (SS) (SS=single scene), Emergency, or Emergency (SS)). Producer Defined Extended (SS) Imagery aquired during seasonal peak-of-green after fire containment. No pre-fire image was available; assessment based on NBR. Producer defined Emergency (SS) Imagery aquired during active incident or immediatly after fire containment. No pre-fire image was available; assessment based on NBR. Producer defined Initial (SS) Imagery aquired shortly after fire containment. No pre-fire image was available; assessment based on NBR. Producer defined Initial Imagery aquired shortly after fire containment. Producer defined Extended Imagery aquired during seasonal peak-of-green after fire containment. Producer defined Emergency Imagery aquired during active incident or immediatly after fire containment. Producer defined Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. dNBR_offst The mean dNBR value sampled from an unburned area outside the fire perimeter. Producer Defined -9999 or 9999 No Data Producer defined -9999 9999 dNBR_stdDv The standard deviation of the mean dNBR value sampled from an unburned area outside the fire perimeter. Producer Defined -9999 or 9999 No Data Producer defined -9999 9999 irwinID IRWIN ID. IRWIN Defined The IRWIN ID is a unique identifier created by the Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) service. Example: 5DF6471C-07B0-4EA0-8188-4F83B18A47F8 Perim_ID Landsat or Sentinel perimeter scene ID. Used to help delinate perimeter of an Extended or Extended (SS) assessment. Not always utilized sometimes field will be populated, others not. Producer Defined Example: A15RVQ20190514 COMMENTS Map_ID Mapping ID. Producer Defined 1 99999999 Map_Prog Mapping program/protocol the fire was mapped with. Producer Defined Examples: MTBS, RAVG, BAER, NPS Ig_Date Date of fire ignition (from source fire occurrence databases). Producer Defined Example: 9/30/1992 U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 US 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov This product is produced from MTBS geospatial information prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey EROS and USDA Forest Service. By taking receipt of these files via electronic file transfer methods, you understand that the data may be updated due to the availability of additional data or revision of existing data. Represented features may not be in an accurate geographic location. The U.S. Geological Survey EROS and USDA Forest Service make no expressed or implied warranty, including warranty of merchantability and fitness, with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the data or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. The U.S. Geological Survey EROS and USDA Forest Service reserve the right to correct, update, modify, or replace this geospatial information without notification. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IED7RZ None 20241001 U.S. Geological Survey MTBS Project Manager mailing and physical

47914 252Nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 US 800-252-4547 https://www.mtbs.gov/contact FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time